Bruno Pontecorvo Birthday, Date of Birth

Bruno Pontecorvo (Italian: [ponteˈkɔrvo]; Russian: Бру́но Макси́мович Понтеко́рво, Bruno Maksimovich Pontecorvo; 22 August 1913 – 24 September 1993) was an Italian–Russian nuclear physicist, an early assistant of Enrico Fermi and the author of numerous studies in high energy physics, especially on neutrinos. A convinced communist, he defected to the Soviet Union in 1950, where he continued his research on the decay of the muon and on neutrinos. The prestigious Pontecorvo Prize was instituted in his memory in 1995.

The fourth of eight children of a wealthy Jewish-Italian family, Pontecorvo studied physics at the Sapienza University, under Fermi, becoming the youngest of his Via Panisperna boys. In 1934 he participated in Fermi's famous experiment showing the properties of slow neutrons that led the way to the discovery of nuclear fission. He moved to Paris in 1936, where he conducted research under Irène and Frédéric Joliot-Curie. Influenced by his cousin, Emilio Sereni, he joined the Italian Communist Party, whose leaders were in Paris as refugees, and as did his sisters Giuliana and Laura and brother Gillo. The Italian Fascist regime's 1938 racial laws against Jews caused his family members to leave Italy for Britain, France and the United States.

When the German Army closed in on Paris during the Second World War, Pontecorvo, his brother Gillo, cousin Emilio Sereni and Salvador Luria fled the city on bicycles. He eventually made his way to Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he applied his knowledge of nuclear physics to prospecting for oil and minerals. In 1943, he joined the British Tube Alloys team at the Montreal Laboratory in Canada. This became part of the Manhattan Project to develop the first atomic bombs. At Chalk River Laboratories, he worked on the design of the nuclear reactor ZEEP, the first reactor outside of the United States, which went critical in 1945, followed by the NRX reactor in 1947. He also looked into cosmic rays, the decay of muons, and what would become his speciality, neutrinos. He moved to Britain in 1949, where he worked for the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell.

After his defection to the Soviet Union in 1950, he worked at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna. He had proposed using chlorine to detect neutrinos. In a 1959 paper, he argued that the electron neutrino (ν
_e) and the muon neutrino (ν
_μ) were different particles. Solar neutrinos were detected by the Homestake experiment, but only between one third and one half of the predicted number were found. In response to this solar neutrino problem, he proposed a phenomenon known as neutrino oscillation, whereby electron neutrinos became muon neutrinos. The existence of the oscillations was finally established by the Super-Kamiokande experiment in 1998. He also predicted in 1958 that supernovae would produce intense bursts of neutrinos, which was confirmed in 1987 when Supernova SN1987A was detected by neutrino detectors.

Some people who share this birthday:

Deng Xiaoping (diplomat, journalist, politician, born August 22, 1904)
Kristen Wiig (comedian, film actor, film producer, screenwriter, television actor, voice actor, born August 22, 1973)
James Corden (actor, autobiographer, comedian, film actor, film producer, screenwriter, stage actor, television actor, television presenter, television producer, born August 22, 1978)
Zheng Shuang (film actor, television actor, born August 22, 1991)
Layne Staley (composer, guitarist, musician, singer, singer-songwriter, born August 22, 1967)
Claude Debussy (composer, music critic, musician, pianist, born August 22, 1862)
Richard Armitage (film actor, stage actor, television actor, born August 22, 1971)
Keiko Kitagawa (actor, fashion model, film actor, model, born August 22, 1986)
Chiranjeevi (actor, film actor, film producer, politician, born August 22, 1955)
Ty Burrell (actor, film actor, stage actor, television actor, voice actor, born August 22, 1967)
Anthony of Padua (Franciscan friar, presbyter, born August 15, 1195)
Ray Bradbury (writer, born August 22, 1920)
Leni Riefenstahl (actor, dancer, director, film actor, film director, film editor, film producer, photographer, screenwriter, born August 22, 1902)
Giada De Laurentiis (actor, cook, journalist, writer, born August 22, 1970)
Miho Kanno (actor, model, singer, born August 22, 1977)
Rodrigo Santoro (actor, film actor, television actor, born August 22, 1975)
Andrew Wilson (actor, director, film director, film producer, born August 22, 1964)
Artem Dzyuba (association football player, blogger, born August 22, 1988)
Boris Godunov (Oprichnik, politician, born August 12, 1552)
Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje (actor, film actor, film director, model, screenwriter, television actor, born August 22, 1967)
Kay Cannon (actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter, television actor, television producer, born August 22, 1974)
Tamori (actor, businessperson, composer, lyricist, owarai tarento, singer, television presenter, writer, born August 22, 1945)
Jo Bo-a (actor, film actor, scientific model, born August 22, 1991)
Tori Amos (composer, harpsichordist, musician, pianist, recording artist, singer-songwriter, born August 22, 1963)
Yukiko Okada (actor, film actor, model, pianist, singer, born August 22, 1967)
David Chase (film producer, screenwriter, television director, television producer, born August 22, 1945)
GZA (musician, rapper, recording artist, singer, born August 22, 1966)
Roland Orzabal (guitarist, singer, singer-songwriter, born August 22, 1961)
Valerie Harper (actor, film actor, stage actor, television actor, writer, born August 22, 1939)
Apollo Crews (professional wrestler, born August 22, 1987)
Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. (military officer, born August 22, 1934)
Dorothy Parker (columnist, dialogue writer, journalist, literary critic, poet, screenwriter, songwriter, writer, born August 22, 1893)
Honor Blackman (actor, film actor, singer, stage actor, born August 22, 1925)
David Dellinger (peace activist, trade unionist, born August 22, 1915)
Ravshana Kurkova (actor, fashion model, film actor, model, singer, stage actor, born August 22, 1980)
Cindy Williams (actor, film actor, film producer, television actor, voice actor, born August 22, 1947)
Howie Dorough (actor, recording artist, shareholder, singer, born August 22, 1973)
Takumi Saitoh (actor, film director, model, photographer, singer, born August 22, 1981)
Mark Williams (comedian, film actor, screenwriter, stage actor, television actor, born August 22, 1959)
Colm Feore (actor, film actor, stage actor, television actor, voice actor, born August 22, 1958)
Trey Gowdy (clerk, lawyer, politician, born August 22, 1964)
Rick Yune (actor, film actor, film producer, model, screenwriter, television actor, born August 22, 1971)
Federico Macheda (association football player, born August 22, 1991)
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (diplomat, economist, jurist, military personnel, politician, born August 22, 1887)
Mischa Zverev (tennis player, born August 22, 1987)
Ross Marquand (film actor, stage actor, television actor, voice actor, born August 22, 1981)
Steve Davis (pool player, writer, born August 22, 1957)
Paolo Macchiarini (surgeon, born August 22, 1958)
Seiko Yamamoto (amateur wrestler, born August 22, 1980)
Pavitra Punia (actor, model, television actor, born August 22, 1986)
Mats Wilander (television presenter, tennis coach, tennis player, born August 22, 1964)
Michael Gudinski (artist and repertoire, film producer, record label operator, record producer, tour promoter, born August 22, 1952)
Devoleena Bhattacharjee (actor, television actor, born August 22, 1990)
Carl Yastrzemski (baseball player, born August 22, 1939)
Randall Cobb (American football player, born August 22, 1990)
Bill Parcells (American football coach, American football player, coach, born August 22, 1941)
Henri Cartier-Bresson (film director, journalist, painter, photographer, photojournalist, born August 22, 1908)
Jorge Linares (boxer, born August 22, 1985)
Karlheinz Stockhausen (composer, music pedagogue, music theorist, musician, musicologist, university teacher, born August 22, 1928)
Monta Mino (businessperson, radio personality, television presenter, born August 22, 1944)
Israel Broussard (actor, film actor, television actor, born August 22, 1994)
Hona Ikoka (actor, drummer, born August 22, 1989)
Du Yuesheng (businessperson, politician, born August 22, 1888)
Andrés Calamaro (artist, composer, film director, poet, record producer, singer, songwriter, born August 22, 1961)
Aleksandr Mostovoi (association football player, born August 22, 1968)
Laurent Lafitte (actor, comedian, film actor, film director, stage actor, television actor, born August 22, 1973)
Jennifer Finnigan (actor, film director, model, television actor, born August 22, 1979)
Brandon Quintin Adams (actor, film actor, rapper, television actor, voice actor, born August 22, 1979)
Elisabeth Murdoch (businessperson, born August 22, 1968)
Neville (professional wrestler, born August 22, 1986)
Jesse Itzler (entrepreneur, rapper, writer, born August 22, 1968)
Max Scheler (anthropologist, axiology, philosopher, sociologist, university teacher, born August 22, 1874)
Sylva Koscina (film actor, model, born August 22, 1933)
Tarcísio Filho (actor, television actor, born August 22, 1964)
Debbi Peterson (musician, singer, born August 22, 1961)
Uğur Mumcu (journalist, lawyer, writer, born August 22, 1942)
Vladimír Coufal (association football player, born August 22, 1992)
Paul Singer (financier, journalist, lawyer, born August 22, 1944)
Laura Dahlmeier (biathlete, cross-country skier, customs officer, born August 22, 1993)
Giacomo Bonaventura (association football player, born August 22, 1989)
Madame Nhu (politician, born August 22, 1924)
Adam Thielen (American football player, born August 22, 1990)
Rafael Pérez (police officer, born August 22, 1967)
Christopher Williams (actor, singer-songwriter, born August 22, 1967)
James DeBarge (singer, born August 22, 1963)
Christian III of Denmark (monarch, born August 12, 1503)
Dakota Goyo (actor, film actor, television actor, born August 22, 1999)
Marcus Wesson (military personnel, born August 22, 1946)
Milan I Obrenović (military personnel, born August 22, 1854)
Lash Huffman (professional wrestler, born August 22, 1958)
Irina Leonova (actor, born August 22, 1978)
Rifaat al-Assad (military personnel, politician, born August 22, 1937)
Sazō Idemitsu (art collector, businessperson, politician, born August 22, 1885)
Samia Gamal (actor, dancer, born August 22, 1924)
Vic Fangio (American football coach, coach, born August 22, 1958)
Arthur M. Sackler (businessperson, psychiatrist, born August 22, 1913)
Sadiq Hussaini Shirazi (cleric, born August 22, 1942)
Irina Skobtseva (actor, drama teacher, born August 22, 1927)
Alexander Bogdanov (economist, journalist, philosopher, physician, poet, politician, science fiction writer, sociologist, writer, born August 22, 1873)
Taurean Prince (basketball player, born August 22, 1994)
Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia (playwright, poet, writer, born August 22, 1858)
Olha Sumska (actor, presenter, television presenter, born August 22, 1966)
Marat Basharov (actor, television actor, born August 22, 1974)
Micheline Presle (actor, film actor, born August 22, 1922)
Harishankar Parsai (author, writer, born August 22, 1922)
Jonnu Smith (American football player, born August 22, 1995)
Robert Wall (actor, film actor, film producer, karateka, screenwriter, stunt performer, born August 22, 1939)
Mitchell Langerak (association football player, born August 22, 1988)
Laura Dreyfuss (actor, singer, born August 22, 1988)
Leo XII (Catholic deacon, Catholic priest, born August 22, 1760)
Mohamed Sanu (American football player, born August 22, 1989)
Mary Lincoln Beckwith (aircraft pilot, born August 22, 1898)
Peter James (film editor, film producer, manufacturer, novelist, prosaist, screenwriter, writer, born August 22, 1948)
Courtney Gains (actor, film actor, film producer, musician, screenwriter, television actor, born August 22, 1965)
Hozumi Gōda (actor, comedian, director of audiography, seiyū, born August 22, 1957)
Neville Wadia (businessperson, politician, born August 22, 1911)
Scooter Libby (lawyer, politician, writer, born August 22, 1950)
Stephen Ireland (association football player, born August 22, 1986)
Annie Proulx (author, journalist, librettist, non-fiction writer, novelist, screenwriter, born August 22, 1935)
Alan Yang (film director, screenwriter, showrunner, born August 22, 1983)
Jack Dunphy (novelist, playwright, writer, born August 22, 1914)
Hiroshi Kawaguchi (actor, tarento, born August 22, 1936)
David Marks (guitarist, singer, songwriter, born August 22, 1948)
Alfonso IX of León (sovereign, born August 15, 1171)
László Almásy (aircraft pilot, explorer, born August 22, 1895)
Margaret Chan (civil servant, justice of the peace, physician, politician, born August 22, 1947)
Avinash Sachdev (actor, model, television actor, born August 22, 1985)
Christoph (businessperson, born August 22, 1949)
Denis Papin (engineer, inventor, mathematician, physician, physicist, university teacher, born August 22, 1647)
Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach (military personnel, resistance fighter, born August 22, 1888)
Paul Molitor (baseball manager, baseball player, born August 22, 1956)
Paul Ellering (manager, musher, powerlifter, professional wrestler, weightlifter, born August 22, 1953)
Cezary Żak (actor, film actor, born August 22, 1961)
Kaoru Yosano (lawyer, politician, born August 22, 1938)
Vojin Ćetković (actor, born August 22, 1971)
Miho Ōwada (actor, born August 22, 1983)
Nacho (composer, political activist, singer, born August 22, 1983)
Ryuichi Kihara (figure skater, born August 22, 1992)
Hideo Tokoro (kickboxer, martial artist, mixed martial arts fighter, born August 22, 1977)
Cory Gardner (politician, born August 22, 1974)
Beenie Man (singer, born August 22, 1973)
Ari Stidham (actor, film actor, television actor, born August 22, 1992)
Masako Mori (lawyer, politician, born August 22, 1964)
John Church Hamilton (biographer, lawyer, politician, writer, born August 22, 1792)
Luis Bárcenas (art dealer, businessperson, politician, born August 22, 1957)
Dona Ganguly (dancer, born August 22, 1976)
Alżbeta Lenska (actor, born August 22, 1981)
Ananda Coomaraswamy (art historian, mythographer, philosopher, born August 22, 1877)
Paloma Jiménez (model, born August 22, 1983)
Langley Fox Hemingway (artist, model, born August 22, 1989)

22nd of August 1913 News

News as it appeared on the front page of the New York Times on August 22, 1913

Latest Wireless Shipping News.

Date: 22 August 1913

Full Article

FINANCIAL MARKETS; Prices Recover After Sharp Decline -- Mexican News a Large Factor -- Money Improvement.

Date: 23 August 1913