David Johnston (volcanologue) Birthday, Date of Birth

David « Dave » Alexander Johnston, né le 18 décembre 1949 à Chicago (Illinois) et mort le 18 mai 1980 dans le comté de Skamania (État de Washington, États-Unis), est un géologue et volcanologue américain de l'United States Geological Survey (USGS). Scientifique réputé pour son enthousiasme, ses connaissances sur les gaz volcaniques et l'étude de leurs liens avec les éruptions, David Johnston est destiné à un avenir brillant. Faisant partie des principaux scientifiques surveillant les signes de réveil du mont Saint Helens, il est tué dans son éruption de 1980 alors qu'il se trouve dans un poste d'observation situé à dix kilomètres du volcan. Il est le premier à rapporter le déclenchement de l'éruption en transmettant le message « Vancouver ! Vancouver ! Ça y est ! » (Vancouver! Vancouver! This is it!) : ce sont ses derniers mots juste avant qu'il ne soit emporté par le souffle latéral créé par l'effondrement du flanc nord de la montagne. Des débris de son véhicule sont mis au jour en 1993, mais les restes de son corps n'ont jamais été retrouvés. Dans une interview publiée quelques mois avant l'éruption, Johnston déclare à la presse que se trouver sur le mont Saint Helens à cette période était comme se tenir « debout à côté d'un baril de dynamite avec la mèche allumée ».

La carrière de David Johnston, bien qu'interrompue prématurément, l'a entraîné à travers tous les États-Unis : il a étudié le mont Augustine en Alaska, le champ volcanique de San Juan dans le Colorado et des volcans éteints dans le Michigan. Il est un scientifique talentueux, dont la qualité des travaux, ainsi que la personnalité enthousiaste et enjouée, suscitent l'amitié et le respect de beaucoup de collègues. Après sa mort, de nombreux scientifiques lui rendent hommage. Johnston estime que les scientifiques avaient le devoir de faire tout ce qui est nécessaire, y compris prendre des risques, pour protéger la population contre les catastrophes naturelles. Dans les mois qui ont précédé l'éruption de 1980, le travail qu'il a réalisé avec ses collègues scientifiques de l'USGS convainc les autorités d'interdire l'accès du mont Saint Helens au grand public et à maintenir cette fermeture en dépit de fortes pressions pour rouvrir la zone : des milliers de vies ont ainsi été sauvées. La mort de Johnston est entrée dans l'imagerie populaire autour des éruptions volcaniques et de la menace qu'elles constituent pour la société, mais aussi dans l'histoire de la volcanologie. À ce jour, Johnston est, avec Harry Glicken, l'un des deux seuls volcanologues américains tués au cours d'une éruption volcanique.

La mort de Johnston donne lieu à diverses commémorations. Deux observatoires de volcans, baptisés à son nom, sont construits à Vancouver et sur la crête où il a trouvé la mort ; un fonds commémoratif est créé à l'université de Washington pour financer la recherche de niveau universitaire. Sa vie est retracée dans plusieurs documentaires, films, documents fiction et livres sur les éruptions volcaniques et son nom est inscrit sur les monuments dédiés à la mémoire des 57 victimes de l'éruption du mont Saint Helens.

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